The importance of skin microbiome (flora) in skin health has been increasingly recognized in recent years. However, the understanding of skin flora in the field of cosmetics is still in its infancy. Our laboratory has been studying skin flora from both macroscopic (meta-analysis using next-generation sequencer) and microscopic (analysis of the properties and functions of individual bacteria) perspective. In this session, we will introduce our latest research aims to redefine beneficial skin bacteria and several approaches to improve skin flora using cosmetic ingredients. In addition, we would like to mention how the skin flora trend will be spread worldwide in the future.